| In 2012, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. published an illustrated second edition of the book “Green Chemistry Environmentally Benign Reactions”, ISBN 978-93-8212-700-0, Pages: 312, written by V. K. Ahluwalia, Professor of Chemistry, University of Delhi.
The second edition of the book of V. K. Ahluwalia - Green Chemistry Environmentally Benign Reactions - is a description of environmentally benign organic reactions. It is focused on the organic reactions that are possible to carry out in aqueous phase, using phase transfer catalyst, under sonication and microwave technologies and some reactions have also performed enzymatically and photochemically.
The book is divided into three chapters: Green chemistry, Green reactions & Green preparations. Introduction to green chemistry is described in Chapter 1. The second Chapter deals with those reactions which are now performed under so called green conditions and such reactions are now referred to as Green reactions. Finally in Chapter 3 are described a number of preparations in aqueous phase, using phase transfer catalyst, using sonication and microwave technologies. Also some preparations carried out enzymatically and photochemically. It is now possible to perform by using ionic liquids as solvents are also described.
At the beginning in Chapter 1, Green Chemistry deals with the need and planning of green synthesis in chemical laboratory. After that, twelve basic principles of green chemistry are presented.
The Chapter 2, Green reactions covers various organic reactions with their scheme, mechanism, applications and references. It includes Acyloin condensation using Coenzyme Thiamine, Aldol condensation in different medium like aqueous medium, solid phase, supercricitical water, ionic liquids, Arndt-Eistert synthesis, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation in aqueous phase, solid state and using enzyme, Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement by PTC catalyst, Barbier reaction under sonication, Barton reaction, Baylis-Hillman reaction using microwave, supercricitical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids and PEG, Beckmann rearrangement under microwave irradiation and in ionic liquids, Benzil-Benzilic rearrangement under microwave irradiation, Benzoin condensation under catalytic conditions, Binginelli reaction under microwave irradiation and in ionic liquids, Bouveault reaction under sonication, Cannizzaro reaction under sonication and in solid state, Claisen rearrangement in water and near critical water, Claisen Schmidt reaction in aqueous phase and ionic liquids, Clemmensen reduction, Curtius rearrangement, Dakin reaction under ultrasonic irradiation and in solid state, Darzen reaction in presence of PTC, Dieckmann condensation in solid state, under sonication and using polymer support technique, Diels-Alder reaction under microwave irradiation, sonication, using ionic liquids and in aqueous phase, high temperature and supercritical water, supercritical carbon dioxide Asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction in water, Hetero-Diels-Alder reaction, Fischer-Indole synthesis in dry conditions and in water, Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation, Friedlander synthesis under microwave irradiation, Fries rearrangement under microwave irradiation, Photo-Fries rearrangement, Graebe-Ullman synthesis under microwave irradiation, Grignard reaction under sonication and in solid state, Heck reaction in aqueous phase, supercritical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, PEG, and using fluorous phase technique, Hantzsch Pyridine synthesis under microwave irradiation, using ionic liquids, Hyama reaction, Hoffmann elimination under microwave irradiation, Knoevenagel condensation in water, solid state, ionic liquids and under microwave irradiations, Kolbe-Schmitt reaction in SC-CO2, Mannich reaction in water, Mannich type reactions, Meyer-Schuster rearrangement, Michael addition in aqueous medium, solid state, ionic liquids and under PTC conditions, Aza-Michael reaction, Mukaiyama reaction in aqueous phase, Pechmann reaction in presence of ionic liquid and under microwave irradiations, Paterno-Buchi reaction, Pauson-Khand reaction, Pinacol coupling, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement in water using microwave irradiation and irradiation with microwave in solid state, Prins reaction, Reformatsky reaction using sonication and in solid state, Rupe rearrangement, Simmons-Smith reaction under sonication, Sonogashira reaction in water and ionic liquid, Stetter reaction, Stille coupling reaction in water, ionic liquids, SC-CO2 and using fluorous phase technique, Strecker synthesis under sonication, Suzuki coupling reaction, Ullmann reaction under sonication and in water, Weiss-Cook reaction, Williamsons ether synthesis using PTC, Wittig reaction in solid phase, ionic liquids and with aqueous sodium hydroxide, Wurtz reaction under sonication and in water.
Finally in Chapter 3, Green Preparation describes a number of preparations using green methods. It includes some preparations with the help of Aqueous phase reaction like Chalcone, 6-Ethoxycarbonyl-3,5-diphenyl-2-cyclohexenone, ?1,9-2-Octalone, Phenacetin, Tylenol, Vanillideneacetone, ß-Resorcylic acid, Endo-cis-1,4-endoxo-?5-cyclo hexane-2,3-carboxylic acid, Trans stilbene, Iodoform, 2-Methyl-2-(3-oxobutyl)-1,3-cyclopentanedione, Hetero Diels-Alder adduct, Hydrolysis of Methyl salicylate with alkali, some preparations with the help of Solid(Solventless) state reaction like 3-Pyridyl-4-(3H) Quinazolone, Diphenylcarbinol, Pheny benzoate, some preparations with the help of Photochemical reaction like Benzopinacol, Conversion of trans-Azobenzene to cis-Azobenzene, Conversion of trans-Stilbene into cis-Stilbene, some preparations with the help of PTC catalysed reaction like Phenylisocyanide, 1-Cyano octane, 1-Oxaspiro-[2,5]-octane-2-carbonitrile, Flavone, Salicylaldehyde, n-Butyl benzyl ether, Benzonitrile, 3,4-Diphenyl-1,7-hydroxycoumarin, Dichloronorcarane [2,2-Dichlorobicyclo (4.1.0) heptane], Oxidation of Toluene to Benzoic acid, some preparations with the help of rearrangement reaction like Benzopinacolone, 2-Allyl phenol, some preparations with the help of Microwave induced reactions like 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone, Anthracene-Maleic anhydride adduct, some preparations with the help of Sonication reaction like Butyraldehyde, 2-Chloro-N-aryl anthranilic acid, some preparations with the help of Esterification reaction like Benzocaine, Isopentyl acetate, Methyl salicylate, some preparations with the help of Ionic liquids like 1-Acetylnaphthalene, Ethyl-4-methyl-3-cyclohexene carboxylate, some preparations with the help of Enzymatic transformation like 1-Phenyl-(1S) Ethan-1-ol from Acetopenone, Deoximation of Oximes by Ultrasonically stimulated Baker’s Yeast and preparation of 2-Acetyl cyclohexanone through Enamine reaction.
Overall this book is very useful and necessary to obtain a desirable organic reaction (which earlier needed anhydrous conditions and used volatile organic solvents) under green condition. The book has been very well written and presented in a lucid manner. The book is so comprehensive that it can serve as a practical guide to the researchers in various industries, Universities and College laboratories.
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